AS 4991-2004

1-AS 4991-2004 LIFTING DEVICES
4-PREFACE
5-CONTENTS
8-SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8-1.1 SCOPE
8-1.2 LOAD DESIGNATIONS
8-1.3 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
8-1.4 INTERPRETATIONS
8-1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8-1.6 DEFINITIONS
9-1.6.1 Bins
9-1.6.2 C-hooks
9-1.6.3 Cam
9-1.6.4 Capacity
9-1.6.5 Clamps
9-1.6.6 Girder clamps
9-1.6.7 Gross load
9-1.6.8 Ladle handling equipment
9-1.6.9 Ladles
9-1.6.10 Lifting beams
9-1.6.11 Mobile equipment lifting attachment
10-1.6.12 Lifting forks
10-1.6.13 Lifting magnets
10-1.6.14 Pad
10-1.6.15 Payload
10-1.6.16 Plate clamps
10-1.6.17 Rated capacity
10-1.6.18 Tare mass
10-1.6.19 Tongs
10-1.6.20 Two-action control
11-1.6.21 Vacuum lifters
11-1.6.22 Working load limit (WLL)
12-SECTION 2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
12-2.1 GENERAL
12-2.2 LIFTING DUTY
12-2.2.1 Duty-specific application
12-2.2.2 Duty-general application
12-2.2.3 Hazardous and dangerous goods handling (including molten metal)
12-2.3 ATTACHMENT TO THE CRANE
13-2.4 ERGONOMICS
13-2.5 HANDLES
13-2.6 MULTIPLE LOAD ATTACHMENT POINTS
13-2.7 SAFETY MECHANISMS
13-2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT
14-SECTION 3 GRIPPING DEVICES
14-3.1 GENERAL
14-3.2 DESIGN
14-3.2.1 Design factor
14-3.2.2 Unintentional release
14-3.2.3 Loss of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
14-3.2.4 Multiple gripping devices
14-3.2.5 Self-latching gripping device
15-3.2.6 Connection to the crane
15-3.3 PLATE CLAMPS AND CLAMPS
15-3.3.1 Design
15-3.3.2 Testing
15-3.3.3 Markings
16-3.3.4 Information to be supplied with plate clamps
16-3.3.5 Maintenance, inspection and repair
16-3.3.6 Care and use
16-3.4 GIRDER CLAMPS
16-3.4.1 Design
16-3.4.2 Testing and verification requirements
17-3.4.3 Maintenance, inspection and repairs
17-3.4.4 Care and use
17-3.5 TONGS
18-SECTION 4 BINS
18-4.1 DESIGN
18-4.1.1 General
18-4.1.2 Volume
18-4.1.3 Bin discharge
18-4.1.4 Baffling
18-4.2 SET DOWN
18-4.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
18-4.4 MARKING
19-4.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH BINS
19-4.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
19-4.7 CARE AND USE
20-SECTION 5 VACUUM LIFTING DEVICES
20-5.1 GENERAL
20-5.2 VACUUM SYSTEMS
20-5.2.1 Design factor
20-5.2.2 Vacuum hoses and lifting tubes
20-5.2.3 Structure of the vacuum lifter
20-5.3 VACUUM INDICATORS
20-5.3.1 General
20-5.3.2 Non-self-priming vacuum lifters
21-5.3.3 Self-priming vacuum lifters
21-5.4 VACUUM LOSS CONTROL AND MONITORING
21-5.5 DESIGN FOR USE IN PROXIMITY TO PEOPLE
21-5.6 TESTING
22-5.7 VACUUM LIFTER MARKINGS
22-5.8 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH VACUUM LIFTERS
22-5.9 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
22-5.10 CARE AND USE
23-SECTION 6 LIFTING MAGNETS
23-6.1 GENERAL
23-6.2 ALL TYPES
23-6.2.1 Load control
23-6.2.2 Application of magnets
23-6.2.3 Magnet-load matching
23-6.2.4 Rated capacity
24-6.2.5 Variable power supply
24-6.2.6 Magnet controllers
24-6.2.7 Magnet circuits
25-6.2.8 Magnet cables
25-6.2.9 Magnet power supply couplings
25-6.3 BATTERY-POWERED LIFTING MAGNETS
25-6.3.1 Design factor
25-6.3.2 Battery-low warning
25-6.3.3 Unsafe start-up prevention
25-6.3.4 Magnet state indicator
26-6.4 MAINS-POWERED LIFTING MAGNETS
26-6.4.1 General
26-6.4.2 Rectifiers
26-6.5 PERMANENT LIFTING MAGNETS
26-6.5.1 General
26-6.5.2 Tear-off force
26-6.5.3 Magnetic state indicator
26-6.5.4 Control safety
27-6.6 ELECTRO-PERMANENT LIFTING MAGNETS
27-6.6.1 Design factor
27-6.6.2 Magnetic state indicator
27-6.7 ASSOCIATED STANDARDS
27-6.8 MARKING
27-6.9 MAGNET TESTING
27-6.10 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
27-6.11 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
27-6.12 CARE AND USE
28-SECTION 7 C-HOOKS
28-7.1 GENERAL
28-7.2 DESIGN
28-7.2.1 Load stability
28-7.2.2 Load security
28-7.2.3 Protection
28-7.2.4 Storage
28-7.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
28-7.4 MARKING
28-7.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
28-7.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
28-7.7 CARE AND USE
30-SECTION 8 LIFTING FORKS
30-8.1 GENERAL
30-8.2 DESIGN
30-8.2.1 General
30-8.2.2 Load stability
30-8.2.3 Load security
30-8.2.4 Storage
30-8.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
30-8.4 MARKING
30-8.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
30-8.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
30-8.7 CARE AND USE
32-SECTION 9 LIFTING BEAMS
32-9.1 GENERAL
32-9.2 DESIGN
32-9.2.1 Stability
32-9.2.2 Adjustable beams/attachments
32-9.2.3 Beams with mechanical devices
32-9.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
32-9.4 MARKING
32-9.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
32-9.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
33-9.7 CARE AND USE
34-SECTION 10 LADLE HANDLING EQUIPMENT
34-10.1 GENERAL
34-10.2 CONTROL OF TILTING
34-10.2.1 General
34-10.2.2 Self°contained tilting mechanisms
34-10.3 MEASURES AGAINST DETACHMENT OF THE HANGERS
34-10.4 TEMPERATURE
34-10.5 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
34-10.6 MARKING
34-10.7 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
35-10.8 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
35-10.9 CARE AND USE
36-SECTION 11 BULK MATERIAL GRABS
36-11.1 GENERAL
36-11.2 DESIGN
36-11.3 TESTING
36-11.4 MARKING
36-11.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
36-11.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
36-11.7 CARE AND USE
37-SECTION 12 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
37-12.1 GENERAL
37-12.2 PROOF LOADING
37-12.2.1 General application lifting devices
37-12.2.2 Specific application lifting devices
37-12.2.3 Acceptance criteria
37-12.3 ALTERNATIVE VERIFICATION
39-SECTION 13 EQUIPMENT MARKINGS
39-13.1 MINIMUM MARKING
39-13.2 ADDITIONAL MARKING
39-13.2.1 General
39-13.2.2 Specific applications
40-SECTION 14 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH LIFTING DEVICES
40-14.1 INFORMATION-GENERAL
40-14.2 INFORMATION-SPECIFIC
41-14.3 GUIDANCE FOR MAINTENANCE
41-14.4 VERIFICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS
42-SECTION 15 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
42-15.1 INSPECTIONS
42-15.1.1 General
42-15.1.2 In-service
42-15.1.3 Periodic
42-15.1.4 Defects requiring withdrawal from service
43-15.2 REPAIR
44-SECTION 16 CARE AND USE
44-16.1 OPERATION NEAR PERSONNEL
44-16.2 INSPECTION
44-16.3 DISPOSAL
45-APPENDIX A - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
46-APPENDIX B - EXAMPLES OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT
46-B1 LOAD SUSPENDING MEANS AND LOAD CARRYING MEANS
46-B1.1 Lifting hooks
48-B1.2 Adhesion appliances
49-B1.3 Clamps
51-B1.4 Tongs
55-B1.5 Container harness (spreader)
55-B1.6 Lifting and spreader beams
58-B1.7 Suspension gear and pendants
60-B1.8 Pallet lifters
61-B2 LIFTING DEVICES FOR BULK GOODS AND BULK MATERIALS
61-B2.1 Grabs
62-B2.2 Bins
64-APPENDIX C - REPAIR WORK
64-C1 GENERAL
64-C2 ASSESSMENT FOR REPAIR PROCEDURE
64-C3 ALTERNATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS
64-C3.1 Competent persons report
65-C3.2 Management of repairs
65-C4 REPAIR WORK
66-C5 WELDING REPAIR EXAMINATION