AS 2519-1993

1-AS 2519-1993 GUIDE TO THE TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF HIGHER RANK COAL DEPOSITS
4-PREFACE
5-CONTENTS
7-FOREWORD
8-SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8-1.1 SCOPE
8-1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8-1.3 DEFINITIONS
9-SECTION 2 STAGES OF PROSPECT EVALUATION
9-2.1 GENERAL
9-2.2 PRE-EXPLORATION STAGE
9-2.2.1 General
9-2.2.2 Objectives
9-2.2.3 Method
10-2.3 EXPLORATION STAGE 1- REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
10-2.3.1 General
10-2.3.2 Objectives
10-2.3.3 Methods
12-2.4 EXPLORATION STAGE 2- RESOURCE EVALUATION
12-2.4.1 General
12-2.4.2 Objectives
12-2.4.3 Method
12-2.5 EXPLORATION STAGE 3- MINE PLANNING
12-2.5.1 General
13-2.5.2 Objectives
13-2.5.3 Method
14-2.6 EXPLORATION STAGE 4- BULK SAMPLING OR TRIAL MINING
14-2.6.1 General
14-2.6.2 Objective
14-2.6.3 Method
14-2.7 ONGOING EVALUATION DURING MINING
15-SECTION 3 GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
15-3.1 GENERAL
15-3.2 SURFACE SURVEYS
15-3.3 AIRBORNE SURVEYS
15-3.3.1 Aeromagnetics
15-3.3.2 Aeroradiometrics
15-3.3.3 Electrometrics
15-3.3.4 Parameters
16-3.4 UNDERGROUND SURVEYS
16-3.4.1 In-seam seismic surveys
16-3.4.2 Radio-imaging method
17-SECTION 4 DRILLING
17-4.1 GENERAL
17-4.2 THE DRILL RIG
17-4.2.1 General
17-4.2.2 Diamond drill
17-4.2.3 Rotary rig
17-4.2.4 Top-drive hydraulic rig
17-4.3 NON-CORE DRILLING
17-4.3.1 Soft superficial formations
17-4.3.2 Hard formations
18-4.3.3 Air circulation
18-4.3.4 Water circulation
18-4.4 CORE DRILLING
18-4.4.1 Borehole size
18-4.4.2 Barrels
19-4.4.3 Rods
19-4.4.4 Bits
19-4.4.5 Orientated core
19-4.5 DRILLING FLUIDS AND ADDITIVES
20-4.6 CASING AND COMPLETION OF HOLES
20-4.7 DIFFICULT DRILLING
20-4.8 SURVEY OF THE HOLE
21-SECTION 5 DRILLING SITE FUNCTIONS
21-5.1 GENERAL
21-5.2 DRILLING THE HOLE
22-5.3 LOGGING, FIELD TESTING AND REMOVAL OF CORE
22-5.3.1 General
22-5.3.2 Core logging
23-5.3.3 Field tests
24-5.3.4 Core removal
24-5.4 DOWN-HOLE GEOPHYSICAL WIRELINE LOGGING
24-5.4.1 General
27-5.4.2 Types of geophysical logs
27-5.4.3 Nuclear logging
29-5.4.4 Electric logging
29-5.4.5 Direct physical reading techniques
30-5.5 GAS EMISSION TESTING
30-5.5.1 Pressure testing
30-5.5.2 Seam gas analysis
31-5.6 DATA RECORDING
31-5.7 HANDLINGTHE CORE
31-5.7.1 General
31-5.7.2 Field subdivision
31-5.7.3 Packaging for laboratory subdivision
31-5.7.4 Packaging of non-coal core
32-SECTION 6 LABORATORY TESTING AND ANALYSIS
32-6.1 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
32-6.1.1 General
32-6.1.2 X-ray radiography
33-6.1.3 Relative density of lump sample
33-6.1.4 Lithotype logging
34-6.1.5 Gamma-ray attenuation tests
34-6.1.6 Portable XRF analysis
34-6.1.7 Colour photography
34-6.2 SUBDIVISION
34-6.2.1 General
38-6.2.2 Subdivision on a ply-by-ply basis
38-6.2.3 Subdivision on a probable working section basis
40-6.3 PARTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
40-6.3.1 General
40-6.3.2 Petrographic analysis of rock thin sections
40-6.3.3 Mechanical tests
41-6.4 PRETREATMENT OF COAL CORE
41-6.4.1 Introduction
41-6.4.2 When pretreatment is unnecessary
41-6.4.3 When pretreatment is required
42-6.4.4 Pretreatment Step 1-Breakage of core to plant feed sizing
43-6.4.5 Pretreatment Step 2-The drum tumbler method for achieving preparation plant sizing
45-6.4.6 Shale breakdown assessment
45-6.5 SEPARATION TESTS
45-6.5.1 General
46-6.5.2 Float and sink testing
47-6.5.3 Froth flotation testing
49-6.6 PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF ANALYSIS SAMPLES
49-6.6.1 General
49-6.6.2 Sample preparation
50-6.6.3 Sample storage
50-6.7 ANALYSIS
50-6.7.1 General
50-6.7.2 Chemical properties
53-6.7.3 Physical properties
55-6.7.4 Storage and handling properties
57-6.7.5 Properties of the inorganic material
58-6.7.6 Swelling, caking and plastometric properties
60-6.7.7 Petrographic properties
61-6.7.8 Conversion properties
62-6.7.9 The effects of some coal properties on the utilization of coal
63-6.8 SMALL-SCALE OR PILOT-SCALE COKE OVEN TESTS
63-6.8.1 General
64-6.8.2 Coke oven tests
64-6.8.3 Coke tests
65-6.9 SMALL-SCALE AND PILOT-SCALE COMBUSTION TESTS
65-6.9.1 General
65-6.9.2 Small-scale simulation tests
70-6.9.3 Pilot-scale testing
71-SECTION 7 RECOMMENDED LABORATORY TEST PROGRAMS
71-7.1 GENERAL
74-7.2 PLY-BY-PLY ANALYSIS
74-7.2.1 General
74-7.2.2 Without float and sink testing
76-7.2.3 Float and sink testing of all coal plies
78-7.2.4 Float and sink testing on the working section only
80-7.3 WORKING SECTION ANALYSIS
80-7.3.1 General
80-7.3.2 Without float and sink testing
81-7.3.3 With float and sink testing
83-7.3.4 Pretreatment followed by float and sink testing
87-7.4 CHIP SAMPLES
87-7.4.1 General
87-7.4.2 Oxidation tests
87-7. 5 CHECK FOR INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
87-7.5.1 General
88-7.5.2 Procedure 1
88-7.5.3 Procedure 2
91-SECTION 8 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
91-8.1 GENERAL
91-8.2 GEOLOGICAL DATA
94-8.3 COAL QUALITY DATA
94-8.4 CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHER RANK COALS
94-8.4.1 General
94-8.4.2 Coding
95-8.4.3 Other systems
104-APPENDIX A - REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
104-A1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
106-A2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
114-APPENDIX B - AUSTRALIAN CODE FOR REPORTING IDENTIFIED COAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES
118-APPENDIX C - DRILLING CONTRACT
118-C1 GENERAL